Oracle 10g application developers guide fundamentals.pdf

Oracle® Database

Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals

10 g Release 1 (10.1)

Part No. B10795-01

December 2003

Oracle Database Application Developer's Guide - Fundamentals, 10 g Release 1 (10.1)

Part No. B10795-01

Primary Authors:

Drew Adams, Eric Paapanen

Contributing Authors:

M. Cowan, R. Moran, J. Russell, R. Strohm

Contributors: D. Alpern, G. Arora, C. Barclay, D. Bronnikov, T. Chang, M. Davidson, G. Doherty, D.

Elson, A. Ganesh, M. Hartstein, J. Huang, N. Jain, R. Jenkins Jr., S. Kotsovolos, S. Kumar, C. Lei, D.

Lorentz, R. Murthy, R. Pang, B. Sinha, S. Vemuri, W. Wang, D. Wong, A. Yalamanchi, Q. Yu

Graphic Designer: V. Moore

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Contents

Send Us Your Comments ................................................................................................................ xxv

Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... xxvii

Audience ............................................................................................................................................ xxvii

Organization ....................................................................................................................................... xxix

Related Documentation .................................................................................................................... xxxi

Conventions....................................................................................................................................... xxxiii

Documentation Accessibility .......................................................................................................... xxxv

What's New in Application Development? ........................................................................ xxxvii

New Application Development Features in Oracle Database 10 g Release 1 ......................... xxxvii

New Application Development Features in Oracle9 i Release 2 ............................................... xxxix

New Application Development Features in Oracle9 i Release 1 .................................................... xlii

Part I

Introduction to Application Development Features of Oracle Database

Programmatic Environments

Overview of Developing an Oracle Database Application ........................................................ 1-2

Overview of PL/SQL .......................................................................................................................... 1-3

A Simple PL/SQL Example ........................................................................................................ 1-4

Advantages of PL/SQL ............................................................................................................... 1-5

Full Support for SQL............................................................................................................. 1-5

Tight Integration with Oracle Database ............................................................................. 1-5

Better Performance ................................................................................................................ 1-5

iii

Higher Productivity .............................................................................................................. 1-6

Scalability................................................................................................................................ 1-6

Maintainability....................................................................................................................... 1-6

PL/SQL Support for Object-Oriented Programming ...................................................... 1-6

Object Types .................................................................................................................... 1-6

Collections ....................................................................................................................... 1-7

Portability ............................................................................................................................... 1-7

Security.................................................................................................................................... 1-7

Built-In Packages for Application Development .............................................................. 1-7

Built-In Packages for Server Management......................................................................... 1-8

Built-In Packages for Distributed Database Access.......................................................... 1-8

Overview of Java Support Built Into the Database ...................................................................... 1-8

Overview of Oracle JVM.............................................................................................................. 1-8

Overview of Oracle Extensions to JDBC ................................................................................... 1-9

JDBC Thin Driver................................................................................................................. 1-10

JDBC OCI Driver ................................................................................................................. 1-10

JDBC Server-Side Internal Driver ..................................................................................... 1-11

Oracle Database Extensions to JDBC Standards ............................................................. 1-11

Sample JDBC 2.0 Program.................................................................................................. 1-12

Sample Pre-2.0 JDBC Program .......................................................................................... 1-12

JDBC in SQLJ Applications ................................................................................................ 1-13

Overview of Oracle SQLJ........................................................................................................... 1-13

Benefits of SQLJ ................................................................................................................... 1-15

Comparing SQLJ with JDBC .............................................................................................. 1-15

SQLJ Stored Procedures in the Server .............................................................................. 1-16

Overview of Oracle JPublisher ................................................................................................. 1-17

Overview of Java Stored Procedures ....................................................................................... 1-17

Overview of Database Web Services ....................................................................................... 1-17

Database as a Web Service Provider................................................................................. 1-18

Database as a Web Service Consumer .............................................................................. 1-18

Overview of Writing Procedures and Functions in Java ...................................................... 1-19

Overview of Writing Database Triggers in Java ............................................................. 1-19

Why Use Java for Stored Procedures and Triggers? ...................................................... 1-19

Overview of Pro*C/C++ ................................................................................................................... 1-20

How You Implement a Pro*C/C++ Application ................................................................... 1-20

Highlights of Pro*C/C++ Features .......................................................................................... 1-21

Overview of Pro*COBOL ................................................................................................................ 1-23

How You Implement a Pro*COBOL Application.................................................................. 1-23

Highlights of Pro*COBOL Features ......................................................................................... 1-24

Overview of OCI and OCCI ........................................................................................................... 1-25

Advantages of OCI ..................................................................................................................... 1-26

Parts of the OCI........................................................................................................................... 1-27

Procedural and Non-Procedural Elements ............................................................................. 1-27

Building an OCI Application .................................................................................................... 1-28

Overview of Oracle Data Provider for .NET (ODP.NET) .......................................................... 1-29

Using ODP.NET in a Simple Application ............................................................................... 1-29

Overview of Oracle Objects for OLE (OO4O) ............................................................................ 1-30

OO4O Automation Server......................................................................................................... 1-31

OO4O Object Model ................................................................................................................... 1-32

OraSession ............................................................................................................................ 1-33

OraServer .............................................................................................................................. 1-33

OraDatabase ......................................................................................................................... 1-34

OraDynaset........................................................................................................................... 1-34

OraField ................................................................................................................................ 1-35

OraMetaData and OraMDAttribute ................................................................................. 1-35

OraParameters and OraParameter ................................................................................... 1-35

OraParamArray ................................................................................................................... 1-36

OraSQLStmt ......................................................................................................................... 1-36

OraAQ ................................................................................................................................... 1-36

OraAQMsg ........................................................................................................................... 1-37

OraAQAgent ....................................................................................................................... 1-37

Support for Oracle LOB and Object Datatypes ...................................................................... 1-37

OraBLOB and OraCLOB .................................................................................................... 1-38

OraBFILE .............................................................................................................................. 1-38

Oracle Data Control.................................................................................................................... 1-39

Oracle Objects for OLE C++ Class Library ............................................................................. 1-39

Additional Sources of Information .......................................................................................... 1-39

Choosing a Programming Environment ....................................................................................... 1-40

Choosing Whether to Use OCI or a Precompiler ................................................................... 1-40

Using Built-In Packages and Libraries .................................................................................... 1-41

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