OpenGL Bluebook.pdf

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OpenGLReferenceManual
Addison-WesleyPublishingCompany
2
OpenGLReferenceManual
CONTRIBUTORS
SponsoringEditor:DavidRogelberg
ProjectEditor:JoanneClappFullagar
CoverImage:ThadBeier
CoverDesign:JeanSeal
TextDesign:ElectricInk,Ltd.,andKayMaitz
OpenGLArchitectureReviewBoard
Addison-WesleyPublishingCompany
Reading,MassachusettsMenloPark,CaliforniaNewYorkDonMills,Ontario
Wokingham,EnglandAmsterdamBonnSydneySingaporeTokyoMadrid
SanJuanParisSeoulMilanMexicoCityTaipei
SiliconGraphicsisaregisteredtrademarkandOpenGLandGraphicsLi-
braryaretrademarksofSiliconGraphics,Inc.XWindowSystemisatrade-
markofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.
Theauthorsandpublishershavetakencareinpreparationofthisbook,
butmakenoexpressedorimpliedwarrantyofanykindandassumenore-
sponsibilityforerrorsoromissions.Noliabilityisassumedforincidentalor
consequentialdamagesinconnectionwithorarisingoutoftheuseofthe
informationorprogramscontainedherein.
Copyrightc 1994bySiliconGraphics,Inc.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwritten
permissionofthepublisher.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Pub-
lishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Setin10-pointStoneSerif
ISBN0-201-63276-4
FirstPrinting,November1992
123456789-AL-9695949392
Contents
Contents
2
Preface 37
WhatYouShouldKnowBeforeReadingThisManual........38
Acknowledgments............................39
1IntroductiontoOpenGL 41
1.1OpenGLFundamentals......................42
1.1.1PrimitivesandCommands................42
1.1.2ProceduralversusDescriptive..............42
1.1.3ExecutionModel.....................43
1.2BasicOpenGLOperation.....................43
2OverviewofCommandsandRoutines 45
2.1OpenGLProcessingPipeline...................46
2.1.1Vertices..........................47
2.1.2Primitives.........................49
2.1.3Fragments.........................51
2.1.4Pixels...........................52
2.2AdditionalOpenGLCommands.................53
2.2.1UsingEvaluators.....................53
2.2.2PerformingSelectionandFeedback...........54
2.2.3UsingDisplayLists....................55
2.2.4ManagingModesandExecution.............55
2.2.5ObtainingStateInformation...............56
2.3OpenGLUtilityLibrary.....................56
2.3.1ManipulatingImagesforUseinTexturing.......56
2.3.2TransformingCoordinates................57
2.3.3PolygonTessellation...................57
2.3.4RenderingSpheres,Cylinders,andDisks........57
2.3.5NURBSCurvesandSurfaces...............58
3
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4
CONTENTS
2.3.6HandlingErrors......................59
2.4OpenGLExtensiontotheXWindowSystem.........59
2.4.1Initialization........................59
2.4.2ControllingRendering..................60
3SummaryofCommandsandRoutines 63
3.1Notation..............................65
3.2OpenGLCommands.......................66
3.2.1Primitives.........................66
3.2.2CoordinateTransformation...............66
3.2.3ColoringandLighting..................67
3.2.4Clipping..........................67
3.2.5Rasterization.......................68
3.2.6PixelOperations.....................68
3.2.7TextureMapping.....................69
3.2.8Fog.............................70
3.2.9FrameBuerOperations.................70
3.2.10Evaluators.........................71
3.2.11SelectionandFeedback..................71
3.2.12DisplayLists.......................72
3.2.13ModesandExecution...................72
3.2.14StateQueries.......................72
3.3GLURoutines...........................73
3.3.1TextureImages......................73
3.3.2CoordinateTransformation...............73
3.3.3PolygonTessellation...................74
3.3.4QuadricObjects.....................74
3.3.5NURBSCurvesandSurfaces...............75
3.3.6ErrorHandling......................76
3.4GLXRoutines...........................76
3.4.1Initialization........................76
3.4.2ControllingRendering..................76
4DefinedConstantsandAssociatedCommands 79
5OpenGLReferencePages 95
5.1glAccum..............................96
5.1.1NAME...........................96
5.1.2CSPECIFICATION...................96
5.1.3PARAMETERS......................96
5.1.4DESCRIPTION......................96
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CONTENTS
5
5.1.5NOTES..........................97
5.1.6ERRORS.........................98
5.1.7ASSOCIATEDGETS..................98
5.1.8SEEALSO........................98
5.2glAlphaFunc............................99
5.2.1NAME...........................99
5.2.2CSPECIFICATION...................99
5.2.3PARAMETERS......................99
5.2.4DESCRIPTION......................99
5.2.5NOTES..........................100
5.2.6ERRORS.........................100
5.2.7ASSOCIATEDGETS..................100
5.2.8SEEALSO........................100
5.3glBegin...............................101
5.3.1NAME...........................101
5.3.2CSPECIFICATION...................101
5.3.3PARAMETERS......................101
5.3.4CSPECIFICATION...................101
5.3.5DESCRIPTION......................101
5.3.6ERRORS.........................103
5.3.7SEEALSO........................103
5.4glBitmap..............................104
5.4.1NAME...........................104
5.4.2CSPECIFICATION...................104
5.4.3PARAMETERS......................104
5.4.4DESCRIPTION......................104
5.4.5ERRORS.........................105
5.4.6ASSOCIATEDGETS..................105
5.4.7SEEALSO........................105
5.5glBlendFunc............................106
5.5.1NAME...........................106
5.5.2CSPECIFICATION...................106
5.5.3PARAMETERS......................106
5.5.4DESCRIPTION......................106
5.5.5EXAMPLES.......................108
5.5.6NOTES..........................108
5.5.7ERRORS.........................108
5.5.8ASSOCIATEDGETS..................109
5.5.9SEEALSO........................109
5.6glCallList.............................110
5.6.1NAME...........................110
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