MacOS X UNIX commands.pdf

MacOS X UNIX Terminal Commands

note: all commands are case sensitive!!!

list information on a command ('man' is short for 'manual')

man command

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full directory listing [including hidden files]

ls -alF

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same as above, but for large directories

ls -alF | more

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when you use the -l flag w/ ls , there will be a string of characters on the left for each file,

which may look something like -rwxr-xr-x

the first character describes what the item is:

- = regular file

d = directory

b = special block file

c = special character file

l = symbolic link

p = named pipe special file

example: lrwxr-xr-x would be a symbolic link

the next 9 characters are 3 groups of 3 characters each, which tell the

read/write/execute permissions for user, group, and other respectively:

r = read

w = write

x = execute

using the above example of lrwxr-xr-x , you would have symbolic link file, where the user can

read, write and execute ( rwx ), and the group and others can read and execute ( r-x )

change the permissions for a file

chmod flags filename

description of flags:

u = user

g = group

o = other

a = all of the above

example:

chmod u=rwx,go=rx filename

this would make the file readable , writable , and executable by the owner ( u ), and

readable/writable by everybody else ( go )

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wildcard for any # of characters

wildcard for a single character

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current directory

parent directory

home directory

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list command history

history

re-run previously typed command (number can be found in history list)

! number

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run a program in the background

program &

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clear the screen in the terminal

clear

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see what directory you are currently in

pwd

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information on available disk space for all mounted volumes

df -k

summarize disk usage (list all files) from current directory on down

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list of commands to control apache (web server)

apachectl man

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list of running processes

ps aux | more

kill running process (PID=# from the ps -aux | more list)

kill PID

list heap allocation for process

heap PID

put a program in the background

bg PID

bring a program to the foreground

fg PID

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list commands to use w/ Java

java -help

list commands to use w/ Java compiler

javac -help

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change aqua windows to nextstep & vice versa

defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSInterfaceStyle nextstep

defaults write NSGlobalDomain NSInterfaceStyle aqua

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change the arrow for the foreground app in the dock from black to blue

defaults write com.apple.dock showforeground -boolean YES

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dim (make translucent) the icons of hidden apps in the dock

defaults write com.apple.dock showhidden -boolean YES

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list of commands to use w/ gnutar

gnutar -help | more

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change the owner of a file

chown newowner fileordirectory

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rename a file

mv filename newfilename

move a file

mv sourcefile destination/

copy a file

cp sourcefile destination/

delete a file

delete a file w/o asking for verification

rm -f

delete a directory, and all the files in it

rm -r

rmdir

create a directory

mkdir

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diplay the first few lines of a file (default=10 lines)

head filename

display the last few lines of a file (default=10 lines)

tail filename

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break (kill almost any running program or process)

control c

pause screen output

control s

resume screen output

control q

erase entire line that was just typed

control u

suspend running process

control z

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gnu zip a file [zipped file will end w/ .gz ]

gzip filename

gnu unzip a file

gunzip filename

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display a calendar

cal

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list information on a server

whois servername.com

list information on current user

whoami

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