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Adverse
Effects of
Vaccines
Evidence
and
Causality
Editors
Kathleen Stratton,
Andrew Ford,
Erin Rusch,
Ellen Wright Clayton
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Adverse
Effects of
Vaccines
Evidence and Causality
Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Kathleen Stratton, Andrew Ford, Erin Rusch, and Ellen Wright Clayton,
Editors
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute
of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their
special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. HHSH230200446009I, Task Order 13 between the
National Academy of Sciences and the Health Resources and Services Administration of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Centers for Disease Control and Preven-
tion and the National Vaccine Program Ofice also provided support through that contract.
Any opinions, indings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily relect the view of the organizations or agencies
that provided support for this project.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines.
Adverse effects of vaccines : evidence and causality / Committee to Review Adverse Effects
of Vaccines, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice ; Kathleen Stratton ...
[et al.], editors.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-309-21435-3 (hardcover) — ISBN 978-0-309-21436-0 (PDF)
I. Stratton, Kathleen R. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Vaccines—adverse effects. 2. Bacterial Infections—prevention & control. 3.
Causality. 4. Virus Diseases—prevention & control. QW 805]
615.3’72—dc23
2012007052
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth
Street, N.W., Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; Internet,
http://www.nap.edu.
For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.
iom.edu.
Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cult ures
and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by
the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche
Museen in Berlin.
Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2012. Adverse effects of vaccines: Evidence
and causality. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonproit, self-perpetuating society
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