Industrial Wood Coatings - Theory and Practice 2009 (Malestrom).pdf - woodworking - sebaw83

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PREFACE

This book addresses the factors responsible for the appearance and per-

formance of wood coatings in both domestic and industrial situations.

The term ‘wood coatings’ covers a broad range of products including

stains, clearcoats, topcoats and supporting ancillary products that may be

used indoors or outdoors. Major market sectors for wood coatings include

furniture, joinery and flooring.

Techniques for coating wood go back many centuries but in recent

decades there has been a move towards more environmental-friendly

materials, for example, the use of water-borne rather than solvent-borne

binders. Alongside this has been a growing awareness of ‘sustainability’

to moderate the environmental impacts of economic growth. As a renew-

able resource, wood has a special attraction as a material substrate which

should be complemented by any necessary coatings.

A major objective of ‘wood coatings’ is to explain the underlying

factors that influence selection and development of coatings within the

constraints of the major wood market sectors. This requires integrating

the appearance and performance needs within an operational framework.

Basic information on the chemistry and technology of coatings is included

for the benefit of students and laboratory technicians. Additionally, the

book includes individual chapters of interest to architects, specifiers and

industrial users.

Jon Graystone is a Principal Research Scientist at PRA (part of PERA

Innovation) with 50 years experience in the Coatings Industry including

37 years with ICI Paints (now Akzo Nobel). He has broad experience in

Research and Development. His current interests include service life

prediction and formulation techniques. He is involved with many of

PRA’s technical training courses including Paint Technology and Formu-

lation. He has been an active member of TC139/WG2 (Exterior Wood

Coatings) since the inception of the committee in 1989 (email: jon@grays-

tone.demon.co.uk ) .

Franco Bulian is the Vice-Director and Head of the Chemical Depart-

ment of CATAS, the biggest Italian research institute in the wood and

furniture sector. He has acquired a broad experience in wood coatings

achieved also by the several research projects he took part in. He is the

coordinator of the Italian standardisation committee on wood coatings

(UNICHIM) and member of TC139/WG2 (Exterior Wood Coatings).

Since 2007 he is a professor at the University of Trieste (email: franco.

bulian@libero.it ) .

CHAPTER

Markets for Wood and

Wood Coatings

Contents

Prologue

2. Markets for Wood and Wood Coatings

2.1. Consumption of timber

2.2. End-use sectors – Coated wood

2.3. Joinery and windows

2.4. Furniture

2.5. Industrial wood coatings

2.6. Parquet and wood flooring

2.7. Major players in industrial wood coatings

2.8. The decorative ‘woodcare’ market

2.9. Technology breakdown

2.10. Environmental legislation

References

1. PROLOGUE

The total global coatings market volume is estimated at 26.5 billion litres

worth in the region of 55 billion Euro [1] with many different types of

product. Why does a user choose a particular type of coating system?

There are many answers to this question including economic, environ-

mental and operational ones. However, an important overarching factor

is the nature of the substrate to be coated. Coatings for metal, masonry and

plastic would be expected to have some very different requirements, but

also perhaps some properties in common. Wood , and its derived products,

represents another distinct substrate category with many properties that

will influence the ideal choice of coating. Wood differs from the other

generic substrate categories, in that it is derived from a living organism,

Wood Coatings: Theory and Practice

# 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52840-7.00001-1

Wood Coatings: Theory and Practice

namely a ‘tree’. Not only is it a sustainable resource but also wood has an

inherent beauty, which is even imitated in some synthetic materials. One

consequence of the aesthetic appeal of wood is the high proportion of

transparent finishes and semi-transparent finishes that are found in the

marketplace that are designed to enhance the colour and grain of wood.

The fact that wood coatings range from low-build penetrating stains to

high-build opaque paint systems raises another interesting question.

What is it that they have in common? Surprisingly, the answer is very

little! Wood coatings can only be assessed in the context of a specific user-

driven need, covering both appearance and operational factors. Different

solutions to the problems raised may present themselves, and many types

of technology will be applicable albeit with a different balance of proper-

ties. End uses for wood coatings range from the domestic ‘decorative’

market to industrial applications. The versatility of wood finds use in

buildings inside and out, in flooring and in furniture. In addition to the

many species of tree that provide wood, there is substantial use of various

‘composite’ forms such as plywood and fibreboard.

In preparing this book, the authors have tried to cover a wide range of

interests ranging from students and formulators, to architects, specifiers

and manufacturers. Accordingly, most chapters can be treated as mod-

ules and do not need to be read in a particular sequence. An overview of

the structure of the book is shown schematically in Fig. 1 .

2. MARKETS FOR WOOD AND WOOD COATINGS

2.1. Consumption of timber

The world’s forests produce large amounts of timber, a valuable and

renewable natural resource. For centuries, the pressure on this resource

has resulted in a diminution of the great natural forests and an increase in

plantation trees. The latter now surpass supplies from natural forests with

most resources in the Southern Hemisphere. Bio-engineering has resulted

in faster growing species which may be available for sawing in as little as

15 years. Timber grown for pulp and conversion to board products may

be grown in even shorter periods. Timber thus remains an important

strategic resource and has in recent years attracted interest from the

perspective of the carbon content in relation to climate change. This is a

complex issue, trees can certainly immobilise carbon, but this may be

released later as carbon dioxide during decay processes. It is also signifi-

cant that around 50% of timber is still used as fuel!

There are many species of trees with many important botanical differ-

ences that are described later. A broad distinction may be made between

hardwoods and softwoods. Production of hardwoods to softwoods is in

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