C64_User_Manual_1984_2nd_Edition.pdf

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Copyright © 1984 by Commodore Business Machines, (UKI Ltd.
All rights reserved.
This manual is copyrighted and contains proprietary information. No part of this publica­
tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES, (UKI Ltd.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
SETTING UP
Unpacking and Connecting the 64
Installation .. .
2
3
. .............
. ....... . ...... . .. . .... .
Optional Connections . ........
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Operation
.....
. .. . . . ... . . ..
. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. ... . . . . . .
7
Troubleshooting Chart
. . . . . . . .. .... . . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . ... . . .
8
Color Adjustment .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Expanding Your System With Optional Peripherals .... .. ........ . .... . .. .. . . .....
12
CHAPTER 2
GETTING STARTED
Commurucatl11g with your 64 The Keyboard
Loading Prgrams ..... .
How to Format a New Disk . . . . . . .. . ..... .
Saving Prgrams .................. ............. .
Listing a Dirctory of Prgrams on a Disk
16
........ .. ... 21
. ...... ..... ... ....... 23
. 24
... 24
CHAPTER 3
BEGINNING BASIC
Printing and Calculating . .. . ......... . . ... . . . . ... ... . .. . . . . . . .. . ... . . .. .. 26
Mathematical Functions ......... . .......... . ..... .. .... . .............. . ...... 27
Multiple Calculations on One Line . . . . . .. ...
. . . . .. . . . . ... . . . .. ... . . . . . . .. .. 29
Excution Order in Calculations
..............
. ............... . ................. . 30
Combining PRINT's Capabilities
. .... . ... ... ..... 31
CHAPTER 4
WRITING SIMPLE PROGRAMS IN BASIC
Line Numbers . ..... .......................................................... 35
The GOTO Statement . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 36
Using the LIST Command .... . .... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. 36
Editing Tips . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
How toUse Variables
. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..
. ... 38
.................
Using FOR. .. NEXT Lops
...... ................. ........ . 41
Using IFfTHEN Statements to Control Programs .. . ....... . ... . .... . ....... . .. . .... 42
....
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CHAPTER 5
ADVANCED BASIC
Introduction .... .............. ... . .... . 46
Simple Animation .... .. . . ... . ....... . . . .... .. . . ..... . . . .... .. .. .... .. . .. ... .. 47
INPUT ................... ............................ ...
.. .. . .. .
.. 49
.
Using the GET Statement for Data Input ........... . ... . .............. . .
. ... 51
. .. 52
. ..... 53
Using GET to Program Function Keys .... ................. .. .
Random Numbers and Other Functions .... ..... ... ....... .
Guessing Game ......................................... ... . ............. . . 55
Your Roll ........................... .......... .. . .... .. .. .. . . ..... ....... 56
Random Graphics .... . . . ..... ... . . ... ... .. . . .. .. ... . . .. ..... . . . . ....... .. .
57
CHAPTER 6
COLOR AND GRAPHICS
How to Use Color and Graphics on Your Computer . .. .. . . ... ... .. . ... . .. . . ... ...... 60
Printing Colors ..............................................................
61
Color CHR$ Cdes ...... .... ...... . . . ..... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
How to Use PEEKS and POKES . .. . .. .. .... . .... .... . .. ... . . .. ... . .. . .... ... .. .
.
65
Screen Graphics ............... .. ..... .. .
creen Memory Map ... ......... ... .. .. . .
Color Memory Map ........ . ........ .... .
More Bouncing Balls .. .......... .. .
. ............ 66
.. 67
68
. ...... .... 69
CHAPTER 7
INTRODUCTION TO SPRITES
Bits and By1es .. ..... . . .. .... . . .. . . . .... ... .. . . .. .. . . .. .. ...... ............ 73
Creating a Sprite .... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 76
Designing a Sprite . . .......... . . . . .. .. . ...... . ... ...... .. ... .. . . .. ... .... . .. .
77
Tuming Sprites On ..... . .. .. . ......... .. . ... . .. . .. .... . .. .... . . ... .
. .. 81
Sprite Colors
......
. .... .. ................. . .... . ...........
. .. 81
Positioning Sprites
..................
.. .... .
. . . . . . . . . .
. .. 82
Expanded Sprites
. .. . ..... . .. ... . ..... .. ..
. . . .. . .. .
. 83
.
...
Creating More Than One Sprite . . . .. ....... . .. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.. 84
Sprite Priorities . . . . . . ........ .. . . ... . ... .. ... ....
. . . . . . . . .
. .. 85
Turning Sprites Off . ... ... . . . .. . ......... . ......
. . . . . . . . . . .
85
CHAPTER 8
MA�NGSOUNDANDMUS�
The SID Chip ..... . ..... . . . ...... .. .. .. . . .. . . .. . ..... 88
Sample Sound Program . . . . ... . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Playing a Song on Your 4 ..... . ... . . ... ... ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. 98
Creating Sound Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99
Filtering ..... .. ..... . ....................
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. .... 100
Music Composer .... . ... . .. . ..... . .... . ..
................... 101
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