Linde A. Particle physics and inflationary cosmology (web version, 2004)(269s)_PGrc_.pdf

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PARTICLE PHYSICS
AND INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGY 1
Andrei Linde
Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-4060, USA
1 This is the LaTeX version of my book “Particle Physics and Inationary Cosmology” (Harwood, Chur,
Switzerland, 1990).
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Contents
Preface to the Series
ix
Introduction
x
CHAPTER 1
Overview of Unied Theories of Elementary Particles and the Ina-
tionary Universe Scenario
1
1.1
The scalar eld and spontaneous symmetry breaking
1
1.2
Phase transitions in gauge theories
6
1.3
Hot universe theory
9
1.4
Some properties of the Friedmann models
13
1.5
Problems of the standard scenario
16
1.6
A sketch of the development of the inationary universe sce-
nario
25
1.7
The chaotic ination scenario
29
1.8
The self-regenerating universe
42
1.9
Summary
49
CHAPTER 2
Scalar Field, Eective Potential, and Spontaneous Symmetry Break-
ing
50
2.1
Classical and quantum scalar elds
50
2.2
Quantum corrections to the eective potential V(')
53
2.3
The 1/N expansion and the eective potential in the
' 4 /N theory
59
2.4
The eective potential and quantum gravitational eects
64
CHAPTER 3
Restoration of Symmetry at High Temperature
67
3.1
Phase transitions in the simplest models with spontaneous
symmetry breaking
67
3.2
Phase transitions in realistic theories of the weak, strong, and
electromagnetic interactions
72
3.3
Higher-order perturbation theory and the infrared
problem in the thermodynamics of gauge elds
74
CHAPTER 4
Phase Transitions in Cold Superdense Matter
78
4.1
Restoration of symmetry in theories with no neutral
currents
78
vii
CONTENTS
4.2
Enhancement of symmetry breaking and the
condensation of vector mesons in theories with
neutral currents
79
CHAPTER 5
Tunneling Theory and the Decay of a Metastable Phase in a First-
Order Phase Transition
82
5.1
General theory of the formation of bubbles of a new phase
82
5.2
The thin-wall approximation
86
5.3
Beyond the thin-wall approximation
90
CHAPTER 6
Phase Transitions in a Hot Universe
94
6.1
Phase transitions with symmetry breaking between the weak,
strong, and electromagnetic interactions
94
6.2
Domain walls, strings, and monopoles
99
CHAPTER 7
General Principles of Inationary Cosmology
108
7.1
Introduction
108
7.2
The inationary universe and de Sitter space
109
7.3
Quantum uctuations in the inationary universe
113
7.4
Tunneling in the inationary universe
120
7.5
Quantum uctuations and the generation of adiabatic density
perturbations
126
7.6
Are scale-free adiabatic perturbations su cient
to produce the observed large scale structure
of the universe?
136
7.7
Isothermal perturbations and adiabatic perturbations
with a nonat spectrum
139
7.8
Nonperturbative eects: strings, hedgehogs, walls,
bubbles, . . .
145
7.9
Reheating of the universe after ination
150
7.10 The origin of the baryon asymmetry of the universe
154
CHAPTER 8
The New Inationary Universe Scenario
160
8.1
Introduction. The old inationary universe scenario
160
8.2
The Coleman–Weinberg SU(5) theory and the new
inationary universe scenario (initial simplied version)
162
8.3
Renement of the new inationary universe scenario
165
8.4
Primordial ination in N = 1 supergravity
170
8.5
The Sha–Vilenkin model
171
8.6
The new inationary universe scenario: problems and prospects176
CHAPTER 9
The Chaotic Ination Scenario
179
9.1
Introduction. Basic features of the scenario.
The question of initial conditions
179
viii
CONTENTS
9.2
The simplest model based on the SU(5) theory
182
9.3
Chaotic ination in supergravity
184
9.4
The modied Starobinsky model and the combined
scenario
186
9.5
Ination in Kaluza–Klein and superstring theories
189
CHAPTER 10
Ination and Quantum Cosmology
195
10.1 The wave function of the universe
195
10.2 Quantum cosmology and the global structure of the
inationary universe
207
10.3 The self-regenerating inationary universe and quantum cos-
mology
213
10.4 The global structure of the inationary universe and the
problem of the general cosmological singularity
221
10.5 Ination and the Anthropic Principle
223
10.6 Quantum cosmology and the signature of space-time
232
10.7 The cosmological constant, the Anthropic Principle, and redu-
plication of the universe and life after ination
234
CONCLUSION
243
REFERENCES
245
Preface to the Series
The series of volumes, Contemporary Concepts in Physics, is addressed to the professional
physicist and to the serious graduate student of physics. The subjects to be covered will
include those at the forefront of current research. It is anticipated that the various volumes
in the series will be rigorous and complete in their treatment, supplying the intellectual
tools necessary for the appreciation of the present status of the areas under consideration
and providing the framework upon which future developments may be based.

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