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Bitter Java
BRUCE TATE
MANNING
Greenwich
(74° w. long.)
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For Maggie
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©2002 by Manning Publications Co. All rights reserved.
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Manning Publications Co.
Copyeditor: Liz Welch
209 Bruce Park Avenue
Typesetter: Tony Roberts
Greenwich, CT 06830
Cover designer: Leslie Haimes
ISBN 1-930110-43-X
Printed in the United States of America
12345678910– VHG – 05 04 03 02
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contents
foreword xv
preface xvii
acknowledgments xxi
about this book xxiii
about the cover illustration
xxvii
P ART 1T HE BASICS .................................................. 1
1 Bitter tales
3
1.1
A Java development free fall
4
Antipatterns in life
6
1.2
Using design patterns accentuates the positive
7
Design patterns online 8
UML provides a language for patterns
9
1.3
Antipatterns teach from the negative
9
Some well-known antipatterns
10 Antipatterns in
practice
11 Antipattern resources
12
1.4
Antipattern ideas are not new
13
Learning from the industry
14 Detective work
15
Refactoring antipatterns
17
v
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vi
CONTENTS
1.5
Why Bitter Java? 17
The Bitter Java approach
18 Bitter Java tools
18
The Bitter Java organization
19 The Bitter Java
audience 21
1.6 Looking ahead 21
2 The bitter landscape
23
2.1
Fertile grounds for antipatterns
24
The benefits of layering 24
Layering can work against us
26
2.2
Internet technologies 28
Internet topologies affect our applications
28
Enterprise layers add security and overhead
29
Standards enable the Internet and add layers
31
TCP and IP provide low-level communications
32
HTTP provides application-level transport
33
HTML and XML 34
Mini-antipattern: Too Many Web Page Items
35
2.3
Object technologies and antipatterns 37
Encapsulation helps to isolate change 38 Inheritance
enables packaging of common behavior
38
Polymorphism enables flexible reuse 39
Mini-antipatterns: Excessive Layering
39
Setting the stage for Java
42
2.4
Java technologies solve antipatterns
42
2.5
Major problems with the waterfall
44
Iterative methodologies 45
Mini-antipatterns: Incomplete Process Transitions
45
Programming horizons: Extreme programming
46
2.6
A quick survey of the bitter landscape
48
2.7
Antipatterns in this chapter
48
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vii
CONTENTS
P ART 2S ERVER - SIDE J AVA ANTIPATTERNS ........... 51
3 Bitter servlets
53
3.1
Getting off on the wrong foot 54
An early antipattern: The Magic Pushbutton
54
Building with Model-View-Controller
56 Failing to
separate model and view
56 Breaking out
the model
58
3.2
Antipattern: The Magic Servlet
59
Can we use servlets as the model?
60 Stumbling into
the Magic Servlet trap
62 Causes of the Magic
Servlet
66
3.3
Solution: Refactor using commands
67
Break out the model
67 Wrapping the model with
command objects
68 Separating the model logic
69
Separating the return trip
74 Using a JSP for the
return trip
77
3.4
Summary
79
3.5
Antipattern in this chapter
79
4 Bitter JSPs
81
4.1
Getting only halfway home 82
Recognizing the danger signs
82
4.2
Antipattern: Monolithic JSPs 84
This program lacks model-view separation 84
Solution: Refactor to Model-View-Controller
86
4.3
Antipattern: Compound JSPs 88
Should we combine multiple JSPs? 88 An example
combining two interfaces 89 Solution: Split
the JSP 94 Making decisions in the
controller servlet
94
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