2012-04.pdf

SKI TROOPS BATTLE NAZIS IN EUROPE’S HEIGHTS A B-MOVIE QUEEN

AMERICA IN

DAD FLEW

WITH DOOLITTLE

WWII

Stories the Raiders Told

The Magazine Of A People At War 1941–1945

AFTER THE

FLAG-RAISING

IWO

JIMA

Hidden Foes For

Sulfur Island’s Big X

A Nebraska Teen’s FBI Adventures in DC

April 2012

Texas’s Surprising Pacific War Museum

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Pitfalls of Wearing Pants A Dinah Croons for Victory

Display until April 17, 2012

www.AmericaInWWII.com

IN THEIR FOOTSTEPS

EXPERIENCE WWII HISTORY RIGHT WHERE IT HAPPENED

Planned and escorted by WWII experts, The National WWII Museum’s

Five Star Tours offer unmatched travel and educational experiences.

Travel with a WWII Veteran Led by best-selling authors Alex Kershaw & Robert Edsel

Custom-designed Itineraries Exclusive Access VIP Treatment Team of Experts

INVASION OF NORMANDY

June 1 – 8, 2012

London • Paris • Normandy

Join best-selling author Alex Kershaw for a

behind-the-scenes tour of Churchill’s Cabinet

War Rooms; private access to Brecourt Manor,

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BATTLE OF THE BULGE

June 8 – 15, 2012

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the Bastogne battleground, the remains of

the bridge at Remagen, and enjoy behind the

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IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE MONUMENTS MEN

September 14 – 23, 2012

France • Germany • Netherlands • Austria

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the paths of the heroes who rescued Europe’s priceless

artworks from the Nazis. Meet original Monuments

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retreat, the Eagle’s Nest at Berchtesgaden.

To receive a full-color brochure on these exciting tours, please visit

our website, www.nationalww2museum.org/travel or email travel@nationalww2museum.org.

The Museum’s travel hotline is 1.877.813.3329, ext. 257.

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AMERICA IN

WWII

April 2012 • Volume Seven • Number Six

F E A T U R E S

26 TAKING THE X ON IWO

X-shaped Airfield No. 2 was the prize that brought US Marines to rocky Iwo Jima.

But it was a prize well guarded, and winning it would cost blood. By Eric Ethier

36 DAD FLEW WITH DOOLITTLE

70 years ago, Colonel Jimmy Doolittle and his 79 men flew a daredevil first raid on Japan.

Today, children of the raiders share stories their fathers told. By Susan Zimmerman

42 MOUNTAIN MEN

World-class skiers take up rifles and train to battle Nazis in

Europe’s snowy heights with the 10th Mountain Division. By Joe Razes

50 GOVERNMENT GIRL

A wartime Nebraska teen remembers moving to Washington, DC, living in cramped dorms,

working long hours typing for the FBI, and dating the occasional fresh GI. By Melissa Amateis Marsh

d e p a r t m e n t s

2 KILROY 4 V-MAIL 6 HOME FRONT: Who Wears the Pants? 8 PINUP: Maria Montez 10 THE FUNNIES: Supernurse

12 I WAS THERE: The Boy Learns to Fly B-17s 20 LANDINGS: Texas’s Surprising Pacific War Museum 22 WAR STORIES

23 FLASHBACK 58 BOOKS AND MEDIA 60 THEATER OF WAR: Kelly’s Heroes 62 78 RPM: Dinah Shore

63 WWII EVENTS 64 GIs: Down on the Tank Farm

COVER SHOT: US marines are dug in during a clash with the Japanese the week after landing on Iwo Jima in February 1945.

They’re fighting over Motoyama Airfield No. 2, the prize that brought them to the volcano island. US strategists planned to use the field

as an air base for the bombing of mainland Japan, 750 miles to the north. NATIONAL ARCHIVES

AMERICA IN

KI LROY

WAS HERE

WWII

March–April 2012

Volume Seven • Number Six

www.AmericaInWWII.com

Pondering Pants

PUBLISHER

James P. Kushlan, publisher@americainwwii.com

EDITOR

Carl Zebrowski, editor@americainwwii.com

ART & DESIGN DIRECTOR

Jeffrey L. King

CARTOGRAPHER

David Deis, Dreamline Cartography

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Eric Ethier • Tom Huntington

Brian John Murphy • Joe Razes

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT

Chelsea Beningo

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CIRCULATION

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Heidi Kushlan

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A Publication of 310 PUBLISHING, LLC

CEO Heidi Kushlan

EDITORIAL DIRECTOR James P. Kushlan

AMERICA IN WWII (ISSN 1554-5296) is published

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Harrisburg, PA 17111-1825. Periodicals postage paid

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I N THE WORLD WHERE I GREW UP , WOMEN WORE SKIRTS AND DRESSES . My grade-school

days weren’t that long ago, so maybe it was the Catholic schooling, 13 years of it

(including kindergarten). Boys wore ties and jackets and trousers and shoes that required

polishing. Girls wore dresses, a dull plaid, with knee-high socks. These outfits had little

in common with the provocative “Catholic school girl” costumes some women wear to

bars on Halloween. The dresses were sacks. The wearer could have been a midget foot-

ball lineman as easily as a ballet dancer, and from a few paces away, an observer couldn’t

tell the difference.

The girls in my neighborhood, the Roxborough section of Philadelphia, did wear pants.

But I wasn’t around them as much as the girls in class. After-school time was for playing

street hockey or football, not chatting with girls. My primary female contact during

those hours was my mom, and she wore dresses and skirts. (I probably have a photo I

could run here, but it was the seventies, and I don’t want to tarnish her memory by

incriminating her in some nauseating shade of polyester.) Mom did secretarial work in

those days, and secretaries didn’t wear pants to work. And apparently 40 hours of habit

a week died hard, as pants didn’t turn up on her that often at home, either.

The topic of women wearing pants is on my mind because I just wrote about it for our

Home Front department, a dozen or so pages farther into the magazine from here. When

you read that (as I trust you will!), you’ll see that World War II was a turning point for

women wearing pants. Dresses and skirts wouldn’t do for the millions of women manu-

facturing planes, tanks, and other war goods. After that, there was no turning back.

Skirts and dresses didn’t suddenly disappear, however. The process was evolution, not

revolution. By the time I got to high school, girls were allowed to wear an approved

style of loose-fitting pant. At best, only a handful of them did. It may have been because

the pants were dreadful, but maybe pants still didn’t seem quite right to those girls.

Now, we’re mostly past those evolutionary days. Dresses are for proms, weddings,

and see-and-be-seen society fundraisers. Skirts are for lawyers, executive administrative

assistants, and cheerleaders—well, not even many cheerleaders anymore. Catholic school

girls do still wear them, to school. For everyone else, it’s pants.

During World War II, a lot of people fretted about pants crossing the gender boundary.

Some sent nasty letters to magazine editors who had the nerve to run photos of women

in pants. The world those people had known was changing, and they didn’t like it.

Now pants are a given, but that doesn’t end the controversy. Now we worry about how

tightly pants fit, or how low they’re slung on the hips, or how many holes are worn

through them and where those holes are located. As for me, I think people should be

more concerned about the disappearance of zoot suits.

Carl Zebrowski

Editor, America in WWII

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