Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 - Organisation Tactics Dress and Weapons by Ian Heath (1978).pdf - Krucjaty - morefaya2006

Armies and Enemiesof

the Crusades 1096-1291

Orglni..tion. tactia. dress and weapons. 96 illustrations.

bylan Heath

Fr.... kl, Hospitllllrl, Tempt,,.. Armenian" Svr~nl. SelJukl, F'limidl,

Ayyubldl, M.mlukl, AUlulm, 8Yl.n1;"..., Georgl,ns, Mongoll.nd IIkhanidl.

A WARGAMES RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICAT ION

Armies and Enemies

of the Crusades

1096-1291

Organisation, ta c ti cs, dress and weapons 96 illu strat ions

bylan Heath

F ranks, Hospilallers, Templars. Armenians, Syrians. Seljuks,

Falimids, Ayyubids. Marnluks, Assassins, Byz.anlines, Georgian s,

Mongols and Il khanids

A WAAGAMES RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATION

INTRODUCTION

Although many books have been written on the C ru sades ove r the years they mostly approach the

subject from a political or social viewpoint, and with the exception of R, C, Smail's workmanlike

'Cru sading Warfar~ 1097. I 193' few or none have ventured to describe in any detail the wanion and

armies with which Moslem and Christian vied for control of the Ho ly Land, The aim of this book,

therefore, is to fill this gap and add a little nesh to the bones of crusading history, by not o nly de scribing

but alst.> illustrating the myriad warrior-types of Outremer and the lands of Islam and Byzantiu m, so that

together with the notes on organisation and tactics an e ntire picture can be built up of wa rfare in the

Middle East in the two ce nturies between the fateful Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and the faU of the

city of Acre to the Marnluks 220 yea rs later,

A few notes on termi nology, I have used the word ' F rank' throughout to describe crusaden of

European origin o r extraction, though the Byzantines tended to refe r t o them mo re often as ' Latins', Wh ere

their e t hnic origins are mixed or uncertain Moslems I have usually called by that name, though where

applicable I have sometimes substi tuted ' Turks' or 'Arabs' and on occasion have even lapsed into using

the popular term 'Saracen' (a corruption of 'Sharkeein', meaning Easterner or Levantine), Following

convention, natives o f the Ea st ern Empire are referred to as Byzantines, o r some times as Greeks, which

term they were beginning to apply 10 themselves during the course of t his era, although they more often

persist ed in calling themselves ' Roma ns' eve n in the 12th and 13th centuries, 'The Holy Land', al t hough

it refers specifically to the Kingd om of Jerusalem, I have generally used (in t erchangeably with Palestine,

Frank ish Syria and 'Oulremer') as a collective term for the mainland c ru sader stotes of J eru$3lem,

Tripoli, Anlioch and Edessa: no modern geographical boundaries are intended by any of these terms,

and if this shou ld at times cause confusion I c rave your indulgence.

European Crusades of this same era, such as were fought in Spain, Southern F rance and Prussia, are not

cove red here,the participating armies of these campaigns having already been described in 'Armies of

Feudal Europe 1066·1300',

T he third and final part of what was once envi$3ged as a single book, I think I can safely say that this is

the part which [ have most enjoyed preparing. I hope you will find it equally enjoyable to read, and that it

will encourage further interest in one of the most neglected , and yet at the same time mosl fascina ting,

theatres of medi~eval warfare.

lan Heath

February 1978

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